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The Librarian of Congress is the head of the Library of Congress, appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, for a term of ten years. The Librarian of Congress appoints the U.S. Poet Laureate. The Librarian of Congress has broad responsibilities around copyright, extending to electronic resources and fair use provisions outlined in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The Librarian determines whether particular works are subject to DMCA prohibitions regarding technological access protection. ==History== The library was established with $5,000 given by the United States legislation. The original library was first housed in the new Capitol until August 1814, when invading British troops set fire to the Capitol Building, burning and destroying all the contents contained in the library.〔http://www.loc.gov/about/history-of-the-library/ Library of Congress: ''History of the library''. Retrieved September 25, 2015〕 In 1802, two years after the creation of the Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson appointed the first Librarian of Congress. The law created in regards to this position gave the power of appointment to the President of the United States. It was not until 1897 that Congress was given the power to confirm the President’s nominee. This same law gave the Librarian the sole power for making the institution’s rules and appointing the Library’s staff.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.loc.gov/loc/legacy/librs.html )〕 There is no official term limit for the Librarian of Congress, but in the 20th century a precedent was established that Librarians of Congress are appointed for life. Therefore, most librarians have served until death or retirement.〔 Since there is no official term limit, most librarians have acted as the leader of the Library of Congress for extensive periods, such as Herbert Putnam, who served as the librarian for 40 years. Therefore, the United States has only seen 13 Librarians to date and has "enjoyed a continuity of atmosphere and of policy that is rare in national institutions". There is very little legislation for the Librarian of Congress or rules regarding who should be selected for the position. In 1989, Representative Major R Owens (D–NY) proposed a bill in Congress that would set stricter requirements for who may be appointed. It argues appointed Librarians need to have specialized training; this bill did not pass.〔Congressional Bill; 101 Bill Profile H.R. 1255- Appointment of the Librarian of Congress. Sponsor: Major R Owens (D- NY). March 02, 1989, Congress Session 101-1.〕 The position of Librarian of Congress has been held by candidates of different backgrounds, interests, and talents, as there are no official rules for who qualifies to be the Librarian of Congress. Therefore, there have been politicians, businessmen, authors, poets, lawyers, and one professional librarian who have served as the Librarian of Congress. The Library of Congress is meant to be a collaborative institution, which is why it benefits from having such a variety of leaders.〔 In 1945, Carl Vitz, the president of the American Library Association at the time, wrote a letter to the President of the United States regarding the position of Librarian of Congress, which had recently become vacant and Vitz felt it necessary to recommend potential librarians. Vitz stated the position "requires a top-flight administrator, a statesman-like leader in the world of knowledge, and an expert in bringing together the materials of scholarship and organizing them for use—in short, a distinguished librarian". James H. Billington began his tenure as Librarian of Congress in 1987 and retired from the post in 2015. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Librarian of Congress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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